Page 8 - Yidishe Tzeit - אידישע צייט
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»"µ ¾¯½²Á¸Çà ¯ §Ã¸» 'ǰdz"µ ¾¯½²Á¸Çà ¯ §Ã¸» 'ǰdz
»
nahb gk_mqb n ghm lqohh_oh_ ,.ddq bw_sbq` ghm nwqvo_ ihe gkhdd wh_ nd_ !nwqgkq qwqvoq nhhv ,goqbquqwB nhhv g_cqa gxhoj_o gwqdd ,ndxf j ,hhf s a_gxwqo_b i_dd hb
ihkohhxw_dd eh_ wq .n_mdwg hwqc goqbheqwB !?hhe nh_ eod_ w_s aqdd lqb nehhdd k_e p_dd qhw_gphc wqjhkpqaw_smd_ wqb nqdd nds w_h 52
nh_ ldvm_edu _ pqBq nds aqdd n shd_ nqddqa lh_udhc lhw`b hb nqoqe ihkboqgxw_s hdd .qvhwqm_ n_mbqhws _Bhk w `wc nvpq kkj wqw_boqaqk
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nhhv nw_swq`hw_ gsw_bqa g_c nd_ ,nhkvdw` bhhw qahuw_c hb ,`kc k_ lhpojo nqddqa `kc nm hh` e_ ,ga_eqa i_b g_c nhhk_ h`w wqb ghhu nqao_k lqb t_wg .nw_ddqa vkypo eh_ k e
rhd_ gwhsqa aqdd wqb lh_ g_c nqgqco_m go_mwqb nd_ gvqddwq nd_ gkphhwgqashd_ n`_c ,nqhd` du p_dd rhd_ nqddqa nhdx eh_ lho`c idohf hb iwdb go_mwqb gohhc i_o wq gwqdd ,rhdks_
ndsghhap_ddp_a_eh_p_bp_dd .ddq bw_sbq` gwqx_` eh_ hhe `hd_ e_ wqgjqg qxhbh_ hb hb nh_ ihd_ lhwbf g_cqa i_b g_c m khhdd nqdgshd_ qxhgp_go_s qohhe nqvoqbqa p_dd
p_b eh_ ,nhkvdw` nds thBx ndsu n eh` thBx ldwb hhe rhd_ gahk ,n`wdf _e_ n`qkduwq`h_ _h nqddqa kbhhm _ nqhd` du ,ydo`c idohf wq`_ ,lhhc qgk_ bh_ nbqh w_s ,gwB n w_s ihd_ nd_ kkj n w_s
gj_ohh` gqdd m e_ , a_gndspqhhohb nw_ddqa .ydwdb qxhbh_ qjhkwq nqhd` du wqghhdd gjhks _ qahboqgxkds hb w_o nqowqk k_e m d_dd qkdx wqb_ cuq n_ ngq` lh_ du nqmdvqa eh_ p_dd
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n_ nqe du ghhcoqaqkqa _ n`_c nqoqv n`qk nhhe nqddqa xhbvm qv_g g_c _shk w _ nqddqa eh_ p_b ,lhbdmhk qoqgk_cqaphd_ .bpdm _ w_s wqb_ ihe w_s rkhc
!goqbheqwB wqo_vhwqm_ lhhc nhhe nh_ wqwhvo_` _ ahboqhhe .kkj n w_s pq p_dd rhd_ aodmqowqgod_ qwqddx qwqbode_` qohhe nds ,_Bhk w nds n`qk quo_a p_b
nghhe qbhh` rhd_ gkqgxqaphd_ ihe g_c m _ nhhe goqvqa _Bhk w gk_dd ,xhkqp g_gx _yqhhp qjhkoqddqawqphd_ gwqb_sqa ihe g_c nhhe ,a_ghmj_o a_ghhws xmm eh` nw_h qgpaodh
gaoqw`qaghm n`_c nwqgkq hb ,bw_sbq` nds g_c wq nd_ ,qvhwqm_ nh_ n_mpqoeh` wqphdwa nhhe nqmdoqaB_w_ gxho g_c h`w wqb nd_ ,_hmxb _ nqddqa eh_ ,ydovpq nh_ a_g poq`qk nguqk
n_ nqe gqdd m ,gphhc p_dd ,wqbohv qohhkv wqoqh nqdd ,lqohh_ w_s ga_eqa k_m_ dkhs_ dmdh bq ,qaw nhhv rhd_ ydbpdm idohf hb nds ahd_ dkhs_ .lhbpf ydkhma nd_ cbd`q ,cwdy nds ghhv
lqb nqe gqdd m !goqbheqwB wqo_vhwqm_ gaoqw`w_s _Bhk w hde_ hdd gwqbod_dd_` g_c .ndwf_c ,cdvm hb nds ahboqhhamhhc_ ,a_ghmj_o a_ghhws
gkqdd qghhddu hb nqohddqa g_c p_dd goqbheqwB gphhdd wqbqh hdd p_dd ,ydovpq nh_ ghhu khs hde_ qgpqhws nhhe nds _Bhk w hh` nqeqa g_c m _Bhk w du nqmdvqadu nxgoqm ihd_ i_o nqoqe
!!cmfkm g_c ,`k hw`x x`hc ghm ghhka_` p_b gwqdd pk_ qB_whh_ nh_ g mx qa g_c wq nqdd goqadh ngq` du p_a hb rhd_ gkqgxqaB_ lh_ nd_
p_dd nxgoqm gohhc _b wqjhe i_o eh_ pq `_c ih_ gphhdd db ,gwqsgoqqa _Bhk w lh_ wqoqgkqe _ eh_ wq e_ ,hdkhq n_ pk_ ,rhwf _ p_dd pqBq npqdmxwq`h_ wqb_ lh_ nds pqBq
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rhd_ goqmghhpvq hb ,goqdd_ lqoqh nqvoqbqa goqvqa gk_dd ih_ ,lhhcwqboh_ vo_` _ g_cqa nw_ddqa wq eh_ wdf` pk_ i_o .lqm lwdm xh_ ,a_gode rhd_ ngw_dd goqvqa gxho hhe hh` g_c
n`hdcqao_ n`_c pw_v hb nqdd p_a hb goqvqa gk_dd ih_ ,_b ihd_ wqwhvo_` _ nhhe h`w wqb w_o ,bhpf wqw_mg_p _ ehdk` gxho hb g_cqa lqohh_ nbqh du g_c _Bhk w nd_
-w_g_m hhuhk_B ,pw_v hhuhk_B ,nw_sdujwdb ,vo_` qphdwa qjkqdd xg_j nh_ `_xeb _ n`_c ydodwxj qoqgkqe qohhe goqvwqo_ n_b nhdx g_c nw_kv nd_ wqhd_ xhg_Bmhp _ nd_ ghhu qahghdo
hb ghm nhedmhk qoqs_ hb i_owqb ,iqkvhuh` hb g`qkqawq`h_ ih_ `_c lqb w_s gxho wq`_ nqddqa n_b nhdx dkhs_ eh_ wq e_ na_e nqv m nd_ hb nskqcduphdw_ bhhw qahgjhw hb nd_ yqb
eh_ pqbodvqp qgkhhuqa nh_ nd_ ,lhoydfm gBhdc ...cmfkm nahgxqa eh_ wqjkqdd , k_wqoqa wqw_mg_p _ .ghdo wqhhe nh_ nxgoqm
.i_owqb ,ahgw_s nqddqa pqk_ * nds rhdk nh_ wqjqc nd_ wqjqc tk_ nqao_w hb nh_ gk_c m nqdd dkhs_ e_ ahbwhddvwqm eh_ pq
wqeod_ e_ g mdkf qa gxho n_b g_c wqohhv qk_o_hu_ohbi_oguh_gk_c mhddhde_ .nw_h hb nhdx nqoqe pq ,wqgqBx nw_h k`dh _ wq`h_ nhdx
qwqeod_ ,qvhwqm_ nh_ `dxh wqx hbwf -hhc nqddqa gj_vw_s eh_ lkdq wqb nqdd ,nk_dd qahbk_ddqa hb go_mwqb nhdx n`_c whm nhhv gxho n`_c p_dd ydwdb qhho npv_ddqashd_
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k_dd_nwqddk_m_nkqdd ,nbh_ wqawd`pm_hkhdd p_dd wqahhgx _ rhd_ vhghk_B hb nh_ w_h ,qB_whh_ nh_ k e _Bhk w nds nqdgshd_ ghm gkqgxqaw_s g_c _Bhk w p_dd rhwa_`
.nqoqjqw ihe gqdd m nqmqdd ghm fj gjhhkhs eh_ ,nqeqa gxho ao_k nhdx g_c m x_wpk_nqddnw_hcmfkmhbnh_gBhdcwq`h_ wqmh_ nqdd go_mwqb tk_ i_o wq gwqdd ,ihe
qvhwqm_ nh_ ,lhyqc doyxo e_ vo_bqa wqb kgqk` _ nxhmdushd_ kph`_ go_pqwqgoh_ _ naqkqa lh_ rhd_ eh_ xhkqp nh_ kcvc nds wqb_ ,q he n h`w wqw_mg_p lqods gbqw m
wqbmqws bkhdd _ nqddqa eh_ ,xwqbo_ eh_ hde_ hdd wdb nwqaodh n w_s n`qawq`h_ ,qhw_gphc wq .cwu yq` nbh_ nskqcduphd_ kdq wqwqpqwa nds nj_e i_o ga_e m .lhohoq qxh kcv qahgjhdd
hh` t_kB nhhv g_cqa gxho g_c p_dd vo_bqa ihd_ gjhhwawqb iqkph`du g_c vhghk_B hb eh_ pq nqdd nbh_ gqddqg_wqa xmm g_c hdd nd_ ,ndswqb nqowqk ihe k_e m e_ _Bhk w
.w_mg_p nh_ gxho h_bdd_ nd_ nbh_ qx hbwf .qvhwqm_ nh_ _b lkdq wqeod_ lqoqahh_ nhhe rhd_ xso ywhpm ghm nqmdvqa p_dd nj_e i_o ihd_ nqm ga_e ihkboqgxw_s
nqoqjqw gedmqa ihe nqm g_c naqddgpqbods n`hdcqao_ n`_c wq`qkwq`h_ n`wdf hb nqdd .nd`xf i_b nqv _Bhk w khhdd ,nw_ddqa guhBqadu nqoqe
hb nds yd`dg du nqmdvo_ edm m ,yd_hum n ghm lkdq wqphdwa _ ihe g_c ,vw_h dho nhhv nqmdv du nhhe nqddqa eh_ kghB_v wqbode_` _ gvdv m nqdd w_o ...nqoqvhhkB_ gxho nhdx p_b
- _Bhk w g_c ,wqgqwgw_s qxhghk_B eh_ p_b p_dd ,awd`pm_hkhdd nh_ guqe_` ge_kp_bkhshddrhd_nwqa_khbnh_ ydovpq lqb rhd_ ,qhwqBmh_ qahehw hb rhd_ ld_ ihe
n ghm pq npqdmxwq`h_ n j_o ,ihe ghhgxw_s wqgoqu wqxh bhpf wqb nw_ddqa kqdgoqddq qohhe nds nbqw khsdu gxho gaqks wq .na_e ihe ,nw_ddqa ghd`qashd_ eh_ p_dd w_mg_p ydjkm
wd`hu nx hbwf nh_ gaoqw`qaohhw_ - q he n h`w .qvhwqm_ nh_ ihd_ w_o vw_h dho nh_ ehdk` gxho wq wq`_ ,nghhu qwqddx qoqh nh_ nqdgshd_ nds vdv nghhdd lqb k_m_j_o nqm gqe
,nk_dd hb nh_ nqmhgx nhha rw_b m e_ vo_bqa lqb qjhkwq nd_ nbh_ qjhkwq nqddqa nqoqe h_bdd_ gxho nhhk_ gphhdd wq e_ ga_eqa k_m_ _h g_c p_dd xbdvc fdw wqb ,q he n h`w wqw_mg_p
ngqwgw_s p_dd po_xhghk_B hb w_s nehhdd du wqb nds l hwdmb_ i_p _ nd_ ,k_wq`h_ ydkhcv du nqmdvqawqgod_ ahboqgx lh_ eh_ pq hde_ hdd g_c wq e_ npdkx_` qohhe qk_ gwhsqa g_c
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hhe nqoqe whm e_ ,npqwqgoh_ qwqeod_ ahb wxdh ,bhhp gph_ hb nh_ guqe_` ihe n`_c lhhc wqgk_ nds gwqcqa g_c m nd_ ,wqa_k nh_ nhkhsy n`_c g_c wq nqmqdd n_mbqhws _Bhk w n`hkvqaphd_
.hhew_snqmhgxnkqddwhm ,`dg whjm e_ gkqgxqaphd_ hde_ ihe g_c pq wq`_ du qhhw hb nh_ nqo_gxqa eh_ m hde_ hdd nbh_ nqhd`dushd_ gq`w_ qwqddx hb ghm ghdwgw_so_
_ nw_ddqa awd`pm_hkhdd eh_ kqdgoqddq lhkxdwh ” hb nw_ddqa eh_ awd`pm_hkhdd .lh_ hh` nhkhsy nahhk kqox nqoqv .qvhwqm_ nh_ ydbpdm wqw_mg_p hb
hhe nqoqv _b e_ ,po_xhghk_B hb hh` w`b lx _b n`hdcqao_ iqkph`du g_c m nd_ qvhwqm_ b nqddqa eh_ wqbqh nqdd ,cmfkm hb i_o ,ckhcv hb nkqgxshd_ lhh` nqddqa eh_ p_b
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gqdd p_dd nqmhgx goqehdg w_B _ rhd_ nqoqjqw ,lhxwbm hy` ,cwdyc ydbpdm nkqgxshd_ ihe _Bhk w g_c ,lhw`x hw`x rhd_ nj_w`du nd_ ,ckhcv hb nds ngdg_gx hb n`hhwx ,.x.`.uhdd
q jkqddpo_xhghk_Bhbw_snhhaihkpqkw_s .wd`huc hjwu qwqbo_ qk_ nd_ yd_dvm g`qkqawq`h_ g_c wq `hd_ ,nqddqa x_hhm gxho wqb nqddqa i_b eh_ n h`w lhh` qgpahgjhdd p_b
qwqbo_ ihd_) .awd`pm_hkhdd ghm gda n`qk vhghk_s nds gpd_ddqa khsdu gxho g_c m k_e wq e_ lh_ nds gw_ddwq q xd`w wqb g_c ,bhyqn shd_ydbdphhbnqhd`du ,idohf wqjhkwq
nds gowqkqa ihe n`_c wqgoaqa qx hbwf nds nqmdvqa i_b eh_ m khhdd ,lkdq nxhmhhc lhh` g_c nqm nd_ ,kkjc y`dgk n_gshd_ wqghhdd n jwdb nw_ddqa ghdwgw_so_ _Bhk w eh_
pk_ahgqgwqmnw_ddqaeh_ mnd_ ,awd`pm_hkhdd gxho g_c qhg_wv_mqb d_dd qB_whh_ w hde_ hdd ,aod_hhws_` hb i_o bk_` nqeqa p_b ,gq`w_ qahkhhc qahe_b hb ghm n h`w wqw_mg_p
ihd_ g_c m nd_ ,nk_dd hb nh_ fj v_k` _ gwhsqa _h ihe g_c hhjqxg .gwhohm_b qoqj_w`qu hb nqddqa vefm g_c _shk qgkhhuqa hb w_s c`hxh _ ghm wbf _ gxwqdu
pqhu_eho_aw_ hghodhm_v qxhbh_ gqbohwaqa lqb nds ghhdd wq`_ ,nk_dd ghm xhg_wv_mqb nk_e hhe e_ hhe ghm gq`w_qa nd_ wq`qkwq`h_ wqgqBx kph`_ nd_ ,lhwdf` w_B hb nd_ wqbohv ³"ÃÈÉ
pqhu_eho_aw_ qxhbh_ qgahohh_w_s hb hdd hde_ .qvhwqm_ nh_ hdd wqahhgx pq nqdd ,ghhvxhbh_ du nqmdvvhwdu ,nbh_ n`hhk` wqwqddx i_o eh_ pq p_dd ,qkdx kbhhm _
bphhm g_c k e _Bhk w p_dd awd`pm_hkhdd nds wqb eh_ , 52 nds nk_dd hb nh_ nd_ ,qhu_khmhp_ nds ydfdj qvw_gx nqddqa eh_ nqmqoduphdw_ nxgoqm ngq` du nqmdvqao_
(.nqddqa nqddqa g_bhbo_v goqbheqwB wqxhg_wv_mqb g_c nqm hde_ hdd nhhe nb gxho lqohhv nqv nqm nqoqe hhe d_dd pqkdx hb nds wqbohv qaodh qwqhhe ³ÇÈ ¸¸¶ .
,nk_dd hb nh_ gahkhhg_` ihe g_c m xg_j ,n_poqddhgp hqkbq ,h_ohkh_ nds w_owqdd_a wqb _b nkqdd whm .nghhu qwqddx qoqh nh_ nqeqaphd_ qkdx kbhhm _ nh_ hhe nahhkohhw_ nd_ nqao_aqa
,aqdd nkdsgvqBpqw _ rhd_ n_gqa pq nqm g_c g_c wqjkqdd ,g_bhbo_v wqo_vhk`dBqw wqb nd_ .khsxhh` nhh_ nwqbkhx idohf nahgw_oahh_ n_ rhd_ guh_ ihe gqhd` p_dd
nqoqe whm e_ nahd_ hb w_s ahboqgk_c ahboqgx ,wqd_coehh_ ghhddb nqddqa eh_ ,nqohddqa kqdgoqddq iqkbhhm qphddqa e_ gwqcqa g_c nqm nqdd .gwhgphevq gxhoj_o g_c p_dd lqgphp
hb hdd xwqbo_ nwhs ihe nsw_b whm nd_ , xwqbo_ qgwh_hk_ hb nds k_wqoqa gBhdc wqb n`hdcqao_ n`_c hhe e_ x_dhm hde_ nqoqe hb ghdk nqao_aqa eh_ pqk_ ,ihe ghhgxw_s ·¸¸Å Áȸ²¸¯
_ nqmdvqaw_s eh_ pq `hd_ .gkqdd qohhmqak_ nd_ cmfkm hb nh_ ngsqwv qxhwqghkhm _shk w g_c ,k w lhuvx ghm nhhadumdw_ ghhvhohhkv qbqh p_dd ,q he n h`w nds yd_wdc
po_xhghk_B hb d_dd awd`pm_hkhdd nh_ hk_w .bo_kxghhb hu_o wq`h_ ahe nkqdgoqddq hhe ,ngq`qa hhe ,hhe w_s cxwb _ ngk_cqa ,n h`w n ghm npqdmxwq`h_ nqm gaqks
_ rhd_ nqddqa p_b eh_ ,ngqwgqashd_ n`_c e_ gwqcqa nqm g_c a_g lqohhx _ nh_ g_c wq .nbh_ n`hhk` du gj_mqa l_evwqmshd_ pqa_ws nqmdvqashd_ eh_ pq nqdd gBhdcwq`h_ !
nd_ ,awd`pm_hkhdd nh_ ,wqahhgx nkdsgvqBpqw rhd_ gj_ohh` nw_sjwdb ghha n_poqddhgp gq awc qa n`_c nwqgkq qwqhhe ,go_mwqb hhe g_c m nqdd ,lhohoq idohf nh_ ydk_x wqb_
»"µ ¾¯½²Á¸Çà ¯ §Ã¸» 'ǰdz"µ ¾¯½²Á¸Çà ¯ §Ã¸» 'ǰdz
»
nahb gk_mqb n ghm lqohh_oh_ ,.ddq bw_sbq` ghm nwqvo_ ihe gkhdd wh_ nd_ !nwqgkq qwqvoq nhhv ,goqbquqwB nhhv g_cqa gxhoj_o gwqdd ,ndxf j ,hhf s a_gxwqo_b i_dd hb
ihkohhxw_dd eh_ wq .n_mdwg hwqc goqbheqwB !?hhe nh_ eod_ w_s aqdd lqb nehhdd k_e p_dd qhw_gphc wqjhkpqaw_smd_ wqb nqdd nds w_h 52
nh_ ldvm_edu _ pqBq nds aqdd n shd_ nqddqa lh_udhc lhw`b hb nqoqe ihkboqgxw_s hdd .qvhwqm_ n_mbqhws _Bhk w `wc nvpq kkj wqw_boqaqk
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nhhv nw_swq`hw_ gsw_bqa g_c nd_ ,nhkvdw` bhhw qahuw_c hb ,`kc k_ lhpojo nqddqa `kc nm hh` e_ ,ga_eqa i_b g_c nhhk_ h`w wqb ghhu nqao_k lqb t_wg .nw_ddqa vkypo eh_ k e
rhd_ gwhsqa aqdd wqb lh_ g_c nqgqco_m go_mwqb nd_ gvqddwq nd_ gkphhwgqashd_ n`_c ,nqhd` du p_dd rhd_ nqddqa nhdx eh_ lho`c idohf hb iwdb go_mwqb gohhc i_o wq gwqdd ,rhdks_
ndsghhap_ddp_a_eh_p_bp_dd .ddq bw_sbq` gwqx_` eh_ hhe `hd_ e_ wqgjqg qxhbh_ hb hb nh_ ihd_ lhwbf g_cqa i_b g_c m khhdd nqdgshd_ qxhgp_go_s qohhe nqvoqbqa p_dd
p_b eh_ ,nhkvdw` nds thBx ndsu n eh` thBx ldwb hhe rhd_ gahk ,n`wdf _e_ n`qkduwq`h_ _h nqddqa kbhhm _ nqhd` du ,ydo`c idohf wq`_ ,lhhc qgk_ bh_ nbqh w_s ,gwB n w_s ihd_ nd_ kkj n w_s
gj_ohh` gqdd m e_ , a_gndspqhhohb nw_ddqa .ydwdb qxhbh_ qjhkwq nqhd` du wqghhdd gjhks _ qahboqgxkds hb w_o nqowqk k_e m d_dd qkdx wqb_ cuq n_ ngq` lh_ du nqmdvqa eh_ p_dd
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n_ nqe du ghhcoqaqkqa _ n`_c nqoqv n`qk nhhe nqddqa xhbvm qv_g g_c _shk w _ nqddqa eh_ p_b ,lhbdmhk qoqgk_cqaphd_ .bpdm _ w_s wqb_ ihe w_s rkhc
!goqbheqwB wqo_vhwqm_ lhhc nhhe nh_ wqwhvo_` _ ahboqhhe .kkj n w_s pq p_dd rhd_ aodmqowqgod_ qwqddx qwqbode_` qohhe nds ,_Bhk w nds n`qk quo_a p_b
nghhe qbhh` rhd_ gkqgxqaphd_ ihe g_c m _ nhhe goqvqa _Bhk w gk_dd ,xhkqp g_gx _yqhhp qjhkoqddqawqphd_ gwqb_sqa ihe g_c nhhe ,a_ghmj_o a_ghhws xmm eh` nw_h qgpaodh
gaoqw`qaghm n`_c nwqgkq hb ,bw_sbq` nds g_c wq nd_ ,qvhwqm_ nh_ n_mpqoeh` wqphdwa nhhe nqmdoqaB_w_ gxho g_c h`w wqb nd_ ,_hmxb _ nqddqa eh_ ,ydovpq nh_ a_g poq`qk nguqk
n_ nqe gqdd m ,gphhc p_dd ,wqbohv qohhkv wqoqh nqdd ,lqohh_ w_s ga_eqa k_m_ dkhs_ dmdh bq ,qaw nhhv rhd_ ydbpdm idohf hb nds ahd_ dkhs_ .lhbpf ydkhma nd_ cbd`q ,cwdy nds ghhv
lqb nqe gqdd m !goqbheqwB wqo_vhwqm_ gaoqw`w_s _Bhk w hde_ hdd gwqbod_dd_` g_c .ndwf_c ,cdvm hb nds ahboqhhamhhc_ ,a_ghmj_o a_ghhws
gkqdd qghhddu hb nqohddqa g_c p_dd goqbheqwB gphhdd wqbqh hdd p_dd ,ydovpq nh_ ghhu khs hde_ qgpqhws nhhe nds _Bhk w hh` nqeqa g_c m _Bhk w du nqmdvqadu nxgoqm ihd_ i_o nqoqe
!!cmfkm g_c ,`k hw`x x`hc ghm ghhka_` p_b gwqdd pk_ qB_whh_ nh_ g mx qa g_c wq nqdd goqadh ngq` du p_a hb rhd_ gkqgxqaB_ lh_ nd_
p_dd nxgoqm gohhc _b wqjhe i_o eh_ pq `_c ih_ gphhdd db ,gwqsgoqqa _Bhk w lh_ wqoqgkqe _ eh_ wq e_ ,hdkhq n_ pk_ ,rhwf _ p_dd pqBq npqdmxwq`h_ wqb_ lh_ nds pqBq
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hb ghm nhedmhk qoqs_ hb i_owqb ,iqkvhuh` hb g`qkqawq`h_ ih_ `_c lqb w_s gxho wq`_ nqddqa n_b nhdx dkhs_ eh_ wq e_ na_e nqv m nd_ hb nskqcduphdw_ bhhw qahgjhw hb nd_ yqb
eh_ pqbodvqp qgkhhuqa nh_ nd_ ,lhoydfm gBhdc ...cmfkm nahgxqa eh_ wqjkqdd , k_wqoqa wqw_mg_p _ .ghdo wqhhe nh_ nxgoqm
.i_owqb ,ahgw_s nqddqa pqk_ * nds rhdk nh_ wqjqc nd_ wqjqc tk_ nqao_w hb nh_ gk_c m nqdd dkhs_ e_ ahbwhddvwqm eh_ pq
wqeod_ e_ g mdkf qa gxho n_b g_c wqohhv qk_o_hu_ohbi_oguh_gk_c mhddhde_ .nw_h hb nhdx nqoqe pq ,wqgqBx nw_h k`dh _ wq`h_ nhdx
qwqeod_ ,qvhwqm_ nh_ `dxh wqx hbwf -hhc nqddqa gj_vw_s eh_ lkdq wqb nqdd ,nk_dd qahbk_ddqa hb go_mwqb nhdx n`_c whm nhhv gxho n`_c p_dd ydwdb qhho npv_ddqashd_
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k_dd_nwqddk_m_nkqdd ,nbh_ wqawd`pm_hkhdd p_dd wqahhgx _ rhd_ vhghk_B hb nh_ w_h ,qB_whh_ nh_ k e _Bhk w nds nqdgshd_ ghm gkqgxqaw_s g_c _Bhk w p_dd rhwa_`
.nqoqjqw ihe gqdd m nqmqdd ghm fj gjhhkhs eh_ ,nqeqa gxho ao_k nhdx g_c m x_wpk_nqddnw_hcmfkmhbnh_gBhdcwq`h_ wqmh_ nqdd go_mwqb tk_ i_o wq gwqdd ,ihe
qvhwqm_ nh_ ,lhyqc doyxo e_ vo_bqa wqb kgqk` _ nxhmdushd_ kph`_ go_pqwqgoh_ _ naqkqa lh_ rhd_ eh_ xhkqp nh_ kcvc nds wqb_ ,q he n h`w wqw_mg_p lqods gbqw m
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.w_mg_p nh_ gxho h_bdd_ nd_ nbh_ qx hbwf .qvhwqm_ nh_ _b lkdq wqeod_ lqoqahh_ nhhe rhd_ xso ywhpm ghm nqmdvqa p_dd nj_e i_o ihd_ nqm ga_e ihkboqgxw_s
nqoqjqw gedmqa ihe nqm g_c naqddgpqbods n`hdcqao_ n`_c wq`qkwq`h_ n`wdf hb nqdd .nd`xf i_b nqv _Bhk w khhdd ,nw_ddqa guhBqadu nqoqe
hb nds yd`dg du nqmdvo_ edm m ,yd_hum n ghm lkdq wqphdwa _ ihe g_c ,vw_h dho nhhv nqmdv du nhhe nqddqa eh_ kghB_v wqbode_` _ gvdv m nqdd w_o ...nqoqvhhkB_ gxho nhdx p_b
- _Bhk w g_c ,wqgqwgw_s qxhghk_B eh_ p_b p_dd ,awd`pm_hkhdd nh_ guqe_` ge_kp_bkhshddrhd_nwqa_khbnh_ ydovpq lqb rhd_ ,qhwqBmh_ qahehw hb rhd_ ld_ ihe
n ghm pq npqdmxwq`h_ n j_o ,ihe ghhgxw_s wqgoqu wqxh bhpf wqb nw_ddqa kqdgoqddq qohhe nds nbqw khsdu gxho gaqks wq .na_e ihe ,nw_ddqa ghd`qashd_ eh_ p_dd w_mg_p ydjkm
wd`hu nx hbwf nh_ gaoqw`qaohhw_ - q he n h`w .qvhwqm_ nh_ ihd_ w_o vw_h dho nh_ ehdk` gxho wq wq`_ ,nghhu qwqddx qoqh nh_ nqdgshd_ nds vdv nghhdd lqb k_m_j_o nqm gqe
,nk_dd hb nh_ nqmhgx nhha rw_b m e_ vo_bqa lqb qjhkwq nd_ nbh_ qjhkwq nqddqa nqoqe h_bdd_ gxho nhhk_ gphhdd wq e_ ga_eqa k_m_ _h g_c p_dd xbdvc fdw wqb ,q he n h`w wqw_mg_p
ngqwgw_s p_dd po_xhghk_B hb w_s nehhdd du wqb nds l hwdmb_ i_p _ nd_ ,k_wq`h_ ydkhcv du nqmdvqawqgod_ ahboqgx lh_ eh_ pq hde_ hdd g_c wq e_ npdkx_` qohhe qk_ gwhsqa g_c
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hhe nqoqe whm e_ ,npqwqgoh_ qwqeod_ ahb wxdh ,bhhp gph_ hb nh_ guqe_` ihe n`_c lhhc wqgk_ nds gwqcqa g_c m nd_ ,wqa_k nh_ nhkhsy n`_c g_c wq nqmqdd n_mbqhws _Bhk w n`hkvqaphd_
.hhew_snqmhgxnkqddwhm ,`dg whjm e_ gkqgxqaphd_ hde_ ihe g_c pq wq`_ du qhhw hb nh_ nqo_gxqa eh_ m hde_ hdd nbh_ nqhd`dushd_ gq`w_ qwqddx hb ghm ghdwgw_so_
_ nw_ddqa awd`pm_hkhdd eh_ kqdgoqddq lhkxdwh ” hb nw_ddqa eh_ awd`pm_hkhdd .lh_ hh` nhkhsy nahhk kqox nqoqv .qvhwqm_ nh_ ydbpdm wqw_mg_p hb
hhe nqoqv _b e_ ,po_xhghk_B hb hh` w`b lx _b n`hdcqao_ iqkph`du g_c m nd_ qvhwqm_ b nqddqa eh_ wqbqh nqdd ,cmfkm hb i_o ,ckhcv hb nkqgxshd_ lhh` nqddqa eh_ p_b
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gqdd p_dd nqmhgx goqehdg w_B _ rhd_ nqoqjqw ,lhxwbm hy` ,cwdyc ydbpdm nkqgxshd_ ihe _Bhk w g_c ,lhw`x hw`x rhd_ nj_w`du nd_ ,ckhcv hb nds ngdg_gx hb n`hhwx ,.x.`.uhdd
q jkqddpo_xhghk_Bhbw_snhhaihkpqkw_s .wd`huc hjwu qwqbo_ qk_ nd_ yd_dvm g`qkqawq`h_ g_c wq `hd_ ,nqddqa x_hhm gxho wqb nqddqa i_b eh_ n h`w lhh` qgpahgjhdd p_b
qwqbo_ ihd_) .awd`pm_hkhdd ghm gda n`qk vhghk_s nds gpd_ddqa khsdu gxho g_c m k_e wq e_ lh_ nds gw_ddwq q xd`w wqb g_c ,bhyqn shd_ydbdphhbnqhd`du ,idohf wqjhkwq
nds gowqkqa ihe n`_c wqgoaqa qx hbwf nds nqmdvqa i_b eh_ m khhdd ,lkdq nxhmhhc lhh` g_c nqm nd_ ,kkjc y`dgk n_gshd_ wqghhdd n jwdb nw_ddqa ghdwgw_so_ _Bhk w eh_
pk_ahgqgwqmnw_ddqaeh_ mnd_ ,awd`pm_hkhdd gxho g_c qhg_wv_mqb d_dd qB_whh_ w hde_ hdd ,aod_hhws_` hb i_o bk_` nqeqa p_b ,gq`w_ qahkhhc qahe_b hb ghm n h`w wqw_mg_p
ihd_ g_c m nd_ ,nk_dd hb nh_ fj v_k` _ gwhsqa _h ihe g_c hhjqxg .gwhohm_b qoqj_w`qu hb nqddqa vefm g_c _shk qgkhhuqa hb w_s c`hxh _ ghm wbf _ gxwqdu
pqhu_eho_aw_ hghodhm_v qxhbh_ gqbohwaqa lqb nds ghhdd wq`_ ,nk_dd ghm xhg_wv_mqb nk_e hhe e_ hhe ghm gq`w_qa nd_ wq`qkwq`h_ wqgqBx kph`_ nd_ ,lhwdf` w_B hb nd_ wqbohv ³"ÃÈÉ
pqhu_eho_aw_ qxhbh_ qgahohh_w_s hb hdd hde_ .qvhwqm_ nh_ hdd wqahhgx pq nqdd ,ghhvxhbh_ du nqmdvvhwdu ,nbh_ n`hhk` wqwqddx i_o eh_ pq p_dd ,qkdx kbhhm _
bphhm g_c k e _Bhk w p_dd awd`pm_hkhdd nds wqb eh_ , 52 nds nk_dd hb nh_ nd_ ,qhu_khmhp_ nds ydfdj qvw_gx nqddqa eh_ nqmqoduphdw_ nxgoqm ngq` du nqmdvqao_
(.nqddqa nqddqa g_bhbo_v goqbheqwB wqxhg_wv_mqb g_c nqm hde_ hdd nhhe nb gxho lqohhv nqv nqm nqoqe hhe d_dd pqkdx hb nds wqbohv qaodh qwqhhe ³ÇÈ ¸¸¶ .
,nk_dd hb nh_ gahkhhg_` ihe g_c m xg_j ,n_poqddhgp hqkbq ,h_ohkh_ nds w_owqdd_a wqb _b nkqdd whm .nghhu qwqddx qoqh nh_ nqeqaphd_ qkdx kbhhm _ nh_ hhe nahhkohhw_ nd_ nqao_aqa
,aqdd nkdsgvqBpqw _ rhd_ n_gqa pq nqm g_c g_c wqjkqdd ,g_bhbo_v wqo_vhk`dBqw wqb nd_ .khsxhh` nhh_ nwqbkhx idohf nahgw_oahh_ n_ rhd_ guh_ ihe gqhd` p_dd
nqoqe whm e_ nahd_ hb w_s ahboqgk_c ahboqgx ,wqd_coehh_ ghhddb nqddqa eh_ ,nqohddqa kqdgoqddq iqkbhhm qphddqa e_ gwqcqa g_c nqm nqdd .gwhgphevq gxhoj_o g_c p_dd lqgphp
hb hdd xwqbo_ nwhs ihe nsw_b whm nd_ , xwqbo_ qgwh_hk_ hb nds k_wqoqa gBhdc wqb n`hdcqao_ n`_c hhe e_ x_dhm hde_ nqoqe hb ghdk nqao_aqa eh_ pqk_ ,ihe ghhgxw_s ·¸¸Å Áȸ²¸¯
_ nqmdvqaw_s eh_ pq `hd_ .gkqdd qohhmqak_ nd_ cmfkm hb nh_ ngsqwv qxhwqghkhm _shk w g_c ,k w lhuvx ghm nhhadumdw_ ghhvhohhkv qbqh p_dd ,q he n h`w nds yd_wdc
po_xhghk_B hb d_dd awd`pm_hkhdd nh_ hk_w .bo_kxghhb hu_o wq`h_ ahe nkqdgoqddq hhe ,ngq`qa hhe ,hhe w_s cxwb _ ngk_cqa ,n h`w n ghm npqdmxwq`h_ nqm gaqks
_ rhd_ nqddqa p_b eh_ ,ngqwgqashd_ n`_c e_ gwqcqa nqm g_c a_g lqohhx _ nh_ g_c wq .nbh_ n`hhk` du gj_mqa l_evwqmshd_ pqa_ws nqmdvqashd_ eh_ pq nqdd gBhdcwq`h_ !
nd_ ,awd`pm_hkhdd nh_ ,wqahhgx nkdsgvqBpqw rhd_ gj_ohh` nw_sjwdb ghha n_poqddhgp gq awc qa n`_c nwqgkq qwqhhe ,go_mwqb hhe g_c m nqdd ,lhohoq idohf nh_ ydk_x wqb_
